Art & Culture
- Aj
- Feb 25
- 9 min read
Being the "city of dreams" to many, Mumbai has a peculiar blend of creative and structural forms that often capture and represent its exquisite past, diversified culture, and evolving identity. The city's art & architecture are a citation to its unique blending of the new and the old, stretching from rich British colonial structures to present skyscrapers and from long-established traditional Indian art to modern galleries.
Colonial Heritage & Victorian Architecture
During the British administration, Mumbai's architectural environment was greatly influenced, and one of the city's most distinctive aspects is still its Victorian Gothic architecture. An excellent illustration of this design is the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CST), originally known as Victoria Terminus. CST is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was constructed in 1887 to honour Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Its architecture, which includes domes, spires, turrets, and elaborate stone sculptures of animals and mythological creatures, combines Victorian Gothic revival features with Indian architectural traditions. Located on the Colaba coastline is the Gateway of India, which was built in 1924. This victorious archway's construction was done to honour King George V and Queen Mary's trip to India. In its Indo-Saracenic design, Hindu and Muslim architectural styles are embodied, showcasing the blending of the progress of the city over the years, which characterises Mumbai. A few more examples of Victorian and Neo-Gothic architecture are pointed domes, stained glass windows, complex ashlar, Elphinstone College, Mumbai University's Fort Campus, the High Court of Mumbai, lastly, home to the Rajabai Clock Tower.
Art Deco and Modernism
Mumbai is home to the world's second-largest collection of Art Deco structures right after Miami.
The city had a modernist movement in the 1930s and 1940s, and the Marine Drive promenade was transformed into a display of sleek, geometric Art Deco structures. With their pastel-coloured facades, nautical patterns, and ziggurat designs, these buildings provided a window into the city's post-colonial ambitions and the influences of the world.
One of Mumbai's most well-known Art Deco landmarks is the Eros Cinema, which was constructed in 1938. Its crescent facade, opulent interiors, and salient geometric theme are some of its classical characteristics.
The Art Deco influence can also be seen in many of the residential structures in neighbourhoods, such as Oval Maidan, Churchgate, and Marine Drive, which are distinguished by their symmetry, vertical lines, and soft curves.
Traditional and Vernacular Architecture
The architectural environment of the city is dominated by colonial and modernist influences, but traditional Indian styles are also present, particularly in Mumbai's older neighbourhoods. The architecture of South Mumbai's bazaars, like Crawford Market and Chor Bazaar, contains distinctly Indian features like chhatris (elevated pavilions), jharokhas (overhanging enclosed balconies), and elaborate stone carvings that are a reflection of the city's vernacular architectural traditions.
The city's varied religious and cultural influences are also reflected in Mumbai's churches, mosques, and temples. Constructed in the early 15th century, the Haji Ali Dargah is a magnificent illustration of Indo-Islamic architecture. One of Mumbai's most famous religious buildings, it is situated on an islet in the Arabian Sea. With its unique Dravidian architectural style, the Siddhivinayak Temple, devoted to Lord Ganesha, is another significant religious and cultural site.
Contemporary Architecture
Mumbai has embraced modern design in recent years, changing the city's skyline with skyscrapers, opulent residences, and commercial buildings. One of India's highest residential structures, the Imperial Towers in Tardeo, is a representation of the city's quick modernisation and urbanisation. Structures made of glass and steel, such as the National Centre for Performing Arts (NCPA) and the Bombay Stock Exchange, pay homage to the rich cultural legacy of the city while also reflecting the trend towards sleek, minimalist architecture.
At the same time, modern Indian architects like Hafeez Contractor and Charles Correa have helped shape Mumbai's current character. The Kanchanjunga Apartments and Correa's Jamaat House are well known for their creative use of light and space, while the Contractor's skyscrapers have come to represent Mumbai's quickly changing cityscape.
Mumbai's Art Scene
Mumbai is a thriving centre for the arts, and its architecture is amazing. The centre of South Mumbai's art area is Kala Ghoda, a crescent-shaped precinct. Every year, artists, performers, and filmmakers from all over the world come to exhibit their work at the Kala Ghoda Arts Festival. The city's famous art galleries, like Chatterjee & Lal and the Jehangir Art Gallery, showcase both traditional and contemporary art.
Over the years, Mumbai's street art has also evolved, with areas like Bandra and Mahim being famous for serving as blank canvases for peppy murals and colourful graffiti. Portraying social and political topics, which makes art more accessible to everyone, has helped gain a new dimension because of new public art initiatives.
Conclusion
The cosmopolitan city's position diversifies from different cultures, histories, and influences, which is seen evidently in its art and architecture. Mumbai showcases a peculiar tradition & modernity, from the luxury of its colonial-era structures to the lustrous lines of its modern skyscrapers and from dynamic street art in its locality to the busy art galleries of Kala Ghoda. Get inspired by the diverse range of Mumbai's styles and creative expressions, nonetheless of your fondness for art and architecture.
Culture & Experiences
Mumbai is a melting pot of people from various regions of India, showcasing the country's rich religious diversity. While Hinduism is the dominant religion here, the Muslim and Christian communities also have a strong presence.
Mumbai, the city of dreams, thrives on its vibrant and pulsating energy, which becomes even more electric during its many festivals. Throughout the year, this cosmopolitan metropolis transforms into a cultural hub where age-old traditions meet modern celebrations. Mumbai’s festivals are not just about rituals; they are a testament to the city's spirit of unity, joy, and resilience. Whether you're a first-time visitor or a seasoned traveller, experiencing these festivals offers a unique glimpse into the heart of Mumbai and its people. Let’s take a deep dive into the most iconic festivals celebrated in the city and how you can truly immerse yourself in them.
Ganesh Chaturthi: The Heartbeat of Mumbai
If there’s one festival that defines Mumbai, it’s Ganesh Chaturthi. Celebrated in August or September, this festival is dedicated to Lord Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of wisdom and prosperity. What makes Ganesh Chaturthi special is how the entire city becomes a canvas for artistic expression, devotion, and joy.
To experience the magic, head to Lalbaugcha Raja in Parel, one of the most famous and grandest Ganesh pandals in the city. Witness the massive, intricately designed idol of Lord Ganesha, which draws millions of devotees. Don’t miss the smaller, community-driven pandals in areas like Girgaon, Dadar, and Andheri, where you can see various creative themes and designs. The real spectacle begins on the 10th day, known as Visarjan when these idols are carried through the streets to the Arabian Sea for immersion. The immersion processions at Girgaum Chowpatty and Juhu Beach are something you should not miss. The combination of drum beats, dance, and chanting is a sensory overload that will leave you mesmerised.
What’s unique about Ganesh Chaturthi in Mumbai is its all-encompassing nature—people from different religions and backgrounds and even tourists join in the celebrations, making it a true representation of Mumbai’s inclusive spirit.
Diwali: The Festival of Lights
Celebrated in October or November, Diwali in Mumbai is a sight to behold. The entire city lights up with diyas, fairy lights, and firecrackers. While it is celebrated all over India, Diwali in Mumbai has its own flavour, blending tradition with the fast-paced life of the city.
To soak in the festive atmosphere, explore neighbourhoods like Malabar Hill and Bandra, where homes are decorated with elaborate rangolis and lights. Take a walk along Marine Drive to see the Queen's Necklace shimmering even brighter during this time. For those wanting to delve into the spiritual aspect of the festival, visit the Mahalaxmi Temple or Babulnath Temple, where you can participate in Diwali prayers and rituals.
Diwali shopping in Mumbai is an experience in itself. Visit bustling markets like Crawford Market and Zaveri Bazaar to pick up traditional sweets, jewellery, and festive attire. On Diwali night, the skies above Marine Drive are lit with spectacular fireworks. Don’t forget to indulge in some mouth-watering Diwali sweets like kaju katli, laddoos, and barfis!
What’s unmissable about Diwali in Mumbai is the way it seamlessly blends family traditions with the city’s larger-than-life persona, creating an aura of celebration that extends to every corner.
Holi: The Festival of Colors
Mumbai comes alive with colour during Holi, which is usually celebrated in March. While Holi is traditionally a North Indian festival, Mumbai has embraced it with open arms. The streets turn into a riot of colours as people gather to play with water balloons and coloured powders and dance to the beats of Bollywood songs.
For tourists, one of the best ways to experience Holi is by joining one of the Holi parties held across the city. Events in Khar Gymkhana and Zoom Holi Fest in places like Khar, Juhu, and Goregaon offer a safe and lively environment in which to enjoy the festival with music, dance, and a vibrant crowd.
Another option is to visit Dharavi, one of the largest slums in Asia, where Holi is celebrated with unmatched enthusiasm. The experience of playing Holi here is raw and authentic, providing a real sense of community spirit. If you’re not into loud festivities, head to ISKCON Temple in Juhu, where Holi is celebrated with traditional prayers, chants, and a sprinkle of colours.
Holi in Mumbai is unique because it transcends social boundaries, bringing together people from all walks of life in a celebration of unity and fun. However, don’t forget to wear old clothes, as the colours used can be quite difficult to wash off!
Christmas: A Joyous Celebration in SoBo
Mumbai’s Christmas spirit, particularly in South Bombay (SoBo), is a delightful blend of tradition and modernity. December in Mumbai is marked by cool breezes, glittering lights, and a palpable sense of joy. While Christmas is celebrated in several parts of the city, the neighbourhoods of Bandra and Colaba offer an extra special experience.
Start your day with a visit to Mount Mary Basilica, Bandra or attend midnight mass at Holy Name Cathedral, Colaba. The churches are adorned with twinkling lights, and the hymns echo a sense of peace and unity. Post-mass, take a stroll through the Byculla Zoo area, where Christmas markets spring up, offering everything from handcrafted ornaments to delicious Christmas cakes and plum puddings.
For a more festive vibe, head to Hill Road or Carter Road, Bandra, where the streets are beautifully decorated, and the cafes are bustling with people enjoying holiday treats. Christmas brunches at restaurants like The Taj Mahal Palace or Leopold Café are perfect for indulging in festive feasts with turkey, roast beef, and an assortment of desserts.
The uniqueness of Christmas in Mumbai lies in the harmonious coexistence of cultures. Even non-Christians partake in the celebrations, exchanging sweets and gifts and spreading holiday cheer.
Makar Sankranti: A Sky Full of Kites
One of the lesser-known but equally exciting festivals in Mumbai is Makar Sankranti, which is celebrated in January. This harvest festival is known for its kite-flying competitions. The skies above Mumbai, particularly in areas like Girgaon and Dadar, are filled with colourful kites as families gather on rooftops to participate in the fun.
To experience Makar Sankranti, head to Juhu Beach, where locals and tourists alike indulge in kite flying. You can buy a kite from one of the nearby stalls and join the festivities. The festival also involves the exchange of sweets made from sesame seeds and jaggery, which are believed to bring warmth and prosperity.
Makar Sankranti in Mumbai stands out because of its simplicity, yet it brings people together in a beautiful celebration of joy, competition, and the spirit of giving.
Celebrating Eid in Mumbai: A Feast of Unity and Tradition
Eid in Mumbai is an extraordinary celebration that brings together people of all faiths to mark the end of Ramzan (Ramadan), the holy month of fasting for Muslims. The two main Eids celebrated in Mumbai are Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha (Bakrid), which commemorates Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son. During Eid al-Fitr, the streets of Mohammed Ali Road become a haven for food lovers, especially after the evening prayers. Tourists can dive into a world of kebabs, biryanis, sweets like phirni, and much more. While you're at it, don't miss the sprawling Eid prayers at Azad Maidan or Haji Ali Dargah, where the atmosphere is filled with a sense of peace and brotherhood.
What makes Eid unique in Mumbai is the way the celebrations extend beyond the Muslim community. Many non-Muslims join in the feasts, enjoying the rich flavours and festive spirit that binds everyone together. For a more spiritual experience, you can visit Minara Masjid, Bhendi Bazaar or simply walk through the illuminated streets of Byculla, where every lane tells a story of unity and tradition.
Conclusion
Mumbai's festivals are a reflection of its soul—diverse, vibrant, and inclusive. Each festival offers a unique experience, allowing tourists to engage with the city’s cultural fabric meaningfully. Whether it's the grandeur of Ganesh Chaturthi, the lights of Diwali, the colours of Holi, or the warmth of Christmas, Mumbai's festivals are more than just celebrations—they are a testament to the city's enduring spirit of togetherness.